Listed footnote links by chapter;
Chapter 2
Thus, the dominating point of view remains masculine.1
https://download.militaryonesource.mil/12038/MOS/Reports/2020-demographics-report.pdf
The policy remained in effect until it was repealed in 2013.2
https://military-history.fandom.com/wiki/Combat_Exclusion_Policy#cite_note-1
Chapter 6
I was still not the fastest or toughest woman by any means, but I was the only woman in my class to max out the Army Physical Fitness Test (APFT).
https://usarmybasic.com/army-physical-fitness/apft
Chapter 8
Military Justice Improvement and Increasing Prevention Act of 2021 (this should be 3)
www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/senate-bill/1520/all-info
Chapter 9
I diverted from the typical detached military writing style and included feeling words as I attempted to entice employees in the Vermont federal workforce to come talk about diversity and Special Emphasis Programs (SEP).
Chapter 10
https://www.sapr.mils
https://www.sapr.mil/public/docs/reports/task-force-report-for-care-of-victims-of-sa-2004.pdf
https://www.sapr.mil/restricted-reporting
https://www.sapr.mil/unrestricted-reporting
https://www.tricare-west.com/content/hnfs/home/tw/prov/auth/lod.html
This was years before the documentary The Invisible War was released, in May 2013, revealing the continued practice of the good old boys'network policing itself.
https://www.itvs.org/films/invisible-war/
Sexual assault claims in the military continue to rise.
https://www.defense.gov/News/Releases/Release/Article/3376241/department-of-defense-releases-fiscal-year-2022-annual-report-on-sexual-assault/
Chapter 11
All of the good old boys’ club networking came out in a hometown paper years later when the DJS put in a bid to be the next TAG.
Chapter 12
To gain interest and confirm registrations, I asked the Family Support Program to have a space at post deployment yellow ribbon events.
https://www.yellowribbon.mil/cms/about-us/
Chapter 13
When I consider the exhaustive activities pursued to increase the numbers, and the massive failure, it still haunts me.
I read about activities of the Defense Advisory Committee on Women in the Services (DACOWITS).
As of 2020, the average number of sexual assaults by service members against service members in the Vermont Guard was three assaults per year.
https://vt.public.ng.mil/Portals/19/FY21SAPR.pdf
Nearly one in four of all women experienced an “unhealthy climate” because of sexual harassment. About 16% of women faced an “unhealthy climate” because of gender discrimination. Underreporting is estimated at 76%, and 64% are retaliated against for reporting at all.
In March 2013, the Senate Armed Services Subcommittee on Personnel held a hearing on sexual assault in the military.
An article, “Farnham Drops Bid to Lead Vermont Guard, Citing Anonymous Complaint” by Paul Heintz Seven Days, January 28, 2013 reported on one of the candidates in the running to be the next TAG.
A law passed in 2013 mandated an annual Legislative review—Vermont Statutes Annotated, Title 20 § 427 (20 V.S.A. § 427).
https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/section/20/023/00427
Local press articles quoted the new TAG, Major General (Maj Gen) Steven Cray and Representative O’Sullivan as being pleased with the bill. The Representative was quoted saying she believed the anonymous letter “helped tremendously” to turn the bill into law.
Chapter 14
This is another proud milestone for the VTANG in their 70+ year history.
Chapter 15
“Sexual assault is a global problem,” said James Thompson, SAPR program management analyst.
Chapter 16
The DoD is still documenting these stats: one in 16 women, and one in 143 men, are expected to experience sexual assault within the military, according to a RAND Corporation study released in 2021.
https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RRA1318-1.html
One of the references we used in our Gender Report was a Secretary of the Army report on sexual harassment. It was documented at the Pentagon in September 1997, after the Secretary ordered a review based on the Aberdeen Proving Ground military base scandal.
https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/local/longterm/library/aberdeen/aber3.htm
In 2014, a local on-line media outlet, VTDigger published a story about the first annual report from the VTNG to the Legislature based on a law passed in 2013 mandating an annual legislative review of sexual assault and harassment complaints involving members of the Vermont National Guard.
https://vtdigger.org/2014/01/30/vermont-national-guard-reports-six-sexual-assaults-one-year-span/
Lean Ins were small group interactive discussions based on Sheryl Sandberg’s book, Lean In: Women, Work and the Will to Lead
Chapter 17
When Secretary of Defense Leon Panetta announced on January 24, 2013, that the 1994 Direct Ground Combat Exclusion Rule.
For decades, when men only were in the combat arms units or occupations, they only needed to pass the APFT to be considered combat ready, yet now that women could join in combat occupations, the Army wanted to validate readiness with a new assessment. Therefore, a new Army Combat Fitness Test was developed.
Chapter 20
One scene was from the movie, 42, about Jackie Robinson, the first Black baseball player in the Major Leagues.
42, Chadwick Boseman (Warner Bros. Pictures, 2013)
Another scene was from the movie, North Country.
North Country, Charlize Theron (Warner Bros. Pictures, 2005)
That behavior is out there, and we have a front row seat to it. What are you going to do about it?
Dr. J.W. Wiley, 2014, Vermont National Guard Leadership seminar
(The true reason for his firing would come to light several years later, in 2018. VTDigger published a series of sensational stories entitled “The Flying Fraternity.”)
https://vtdigger.org/2018/11/26/flying-fraternity-guard-commanders-wings-clipped-secret-rendezvous/
The executive producer of The Invisible War, Jennifer Siebel Newsom, also produced a 2011 documentary entitled, Miss Representation.
https://therepproject.org/films/miss-representation/
A year later, we showcased the producers’ follow up documentary, The Mask You Live In.
https://therepproject.org/films/the-maks-you-live-in/
Chapter 21
With a 2015 endorsement from Secretary of Defense Ash Carter of Sheryl Sandberg’s Lean In campaign, our Military Women’s council had been facilitating the Lean Ins.
We planned to show a video clip of Sandberg speaking at the Pentagon.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LTZPvLi3Hdc
Chapter 22
Some of us feminists thought the integration policy was a deliberate strategy to slow change.
https://www.army.mil/article/164066/army_sets_leader_first_approach_to_full_gender_integration
In 2021, five years later, Vermont’s 86 IBCT became the first combat brigade in the country to have enough females in leadership to be able to recruit women into units directly.
Our generals often brought up the famous order given by Major General John Sedgewick at the Battle of Gettysburg in the Civil War: “Put the Vermonters ahead.
https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/CREC-2010-07-12/html/CREC-2010-07-12-pt1-PgS5740.htm
Chapter 23 NONE
Chapter 24
The Wing Commander was fired in 2015, however, the details of the falling out would come out later in 2018 to the public in a series of articles about the VTNG.)
https://vtdigger.org/2018/11/25/flying-fraternity-top-gun-culture-pervades-vermont-national-guard/
Guard survey data and several service studies backed my recommendation for training related to gender equality. I provided a study entitled, “Project Diane” that was completed in January 2016, financed by the Army Research Institute.
https://united-we.org/news/project-diane
Chapter 26
The 2017 DACOWITS Annual Report solidifies much of what we identify as a problem statement. Women are underrepresented throughout occupations and grades within the armed forces.
The back of the room had a dozen guest, including Jacqui, Shirley, and the NGB JDEC Chair. There were representatives from the Service Women’s Action Network (SWAN)
https://www.servicewomensactionnetwork.org
Preceding me on the agenda was a brigadier general from New Hampshire, who spoke about the Mothers of Military Service Leave (MOMS Leave) Act
https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/3688
Chapter 27
Her book, High Altitude Woman, was about her experience as one of the first female mountain climbers to embark on treacherous journeys
High-Altitude Woman: From Extreme Sports to Indigenous Cultures--Discovering the Power of the Feminineby Jan Reynolds (Inner Traditions, 2013)
Chapter 28 NONE
Chapter 29
I pointed to the military academies' continued high prevalence of sexual assaults, and to Lieutenant General Jay Silverias’ viral YouTube video.
www.youtube.com/watch?v=WfjZ1otkS3o
Chapter 30
“The flying fraternity: A ‘Top Gun’ culture pervades the Vermont National Guard.
https://vtdigger.org/2018/11/25/flying-fraternity-top-gun-culture-pervades-vermont-national- guard/
Day three of the series produced: “The flying fraternity: Africa, alcohol and the Afterburner Club.
https://vtdigger.org/2018/11/27/flying-fraternity-africa-alcohol-afterburner-club/
Day four, November 28, 2018, another article: “The flying fraternity: Ghost soldiers of the Vermont National Guard.”
https://vtdigger.org/2018/11/28/flying-fraternity-ghost-soldiers-vermont-national-guard/
“The flying fraternity: Whistleblower says Guard retaliated against him.
https://vtdigger.org/2018/12/03/flying-fraternity-whistleblower-says-guard-retaliated/
Chapter 31
I wasn’t sure the TAG knew there was more to come. December 2, 2018, the headline shocked many of us: “The flying fraternity: Chaplain’s female assistant claims coercion.
https://vtdigger.org/2018/12/02/flying-fraternity-chaplain-female-assistant-claims-coercion/
The last day of the series came on Monday, December 3 2018. “The flying fraternity: Whistleblower says Guard retaliated against him.”
https://vtdigger.org/2018/12/03/flying-fraternity-whistleblower-says-guard-retaliated/
I used this site to get this reference for Chapter 31 about free speech.
www.afjag.af.mil/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=x9OMCddZNbM%3D&portalid=77
When we join the armed forces, are free speech rights are diminished to align with the good order and discipline of the military.
In United States v. Wilcox, arguably the most expansive military court ruling in favor of free speech by servicemembers, CAAF described those rights as “potentially less protective” than those enjoyed by civilians and further commented that “servicemembers enjoy some measure of the right to free speech granted by the First Amendment.” 66 M.J. 442, 446-47 (2008) (emphasis added).
Chapter 32
The TAG was on his way out the door, and the election of his successor was scheduled within weeks. The TAG wanted to send our cleaned up Gender Report.
My friend filed for an early medical retirement related to her Military Sexual Trauma (MST).
www.benefits.va.gov/benefits/factsheets/serviceconnected.mst.pdf MST Fact Sheet March 2022 (va.gov)
During the EOLC, the Burlington Free Press ran a picture of the next Adjutant General on their front page with the headline: “This is a conversation that everybody needs to have.”
Chapter 33
Soon after, I was interviewed by my hometown paper, the Milton Independent.
https://issuu.com/miltonindependent/docs/2019_0502_forweb
Despite the assessment done in the summer of 2019, the 2020 pandemic delayed the results, and the unflattering report came out in 2021 with little attention paid.
Senator Gillibrand fiery response: “General, the numbers are going the wrong way. You keep telling me you got this, but you don’t have it.”
“I felt like the system was raping me all over again.”
https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/06/us/politics/martha-mcsally-sexual-assault.html
Chapter 34
In the, Workplace for Women Report by the Vermont Commission on Women87, 80% of women who are sexually harassed change jobs.
https://changethestoryvt.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/WomenWorkWages2019.pdf
I was angry all over again. H.750 would create a provost marshal position for the Guard, a person who would serve as a liaison between civilian law enforcement and Guard officials when crimes were committed by Guard members.
https://legislature.vermont.gov/bill/status/2020/H.750
I read this and with frustration and thought: of course, there will be a clash if there are two different narratives.
https://vtdigger.org/2020/07/20/independent-oversight-of-guard-sexual-misconduct-nixed/
We have to listen in order to create enduring change.”
https://twitter.com/SecArmy/status/1281641910327824386.
Chapter 35
The report entitled, “Where We Stand” was the 10th edition. The data only made me angry.
https://www.servicewomensactionnetwork.org/swan-research
I received an email from Vermont Public Radio (VPR) inviting me to talk about the Vermont National Guard’s efforts to address and combat sexual assault
I spoke about the pride Veterans carry. It is a big deal to serve, and our military has great, competent, dedicated professionals. I pointed out the sexism not to disrespect the greatness, but to develop that greatness. I reminded the audience that most people are having a great time, but one in 16 women are not.
https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RRA1318-1.html#:~:text=Without%20bold%20action%2C%20sexual%20assault%20and%20sexual%20harassment,and%20one%20in%20 29%20men%20experience%20sexual%20assault.
Jean sent me the link of a news article from Variety.com writing about O’Donnell’s extensive investigation, calling the military’s efforts to combat sexual assaults a consequential failure.
“New Policies Target Sexual Misconduct in the Vermont National Guard
What can stop harassment in the U.S. military: Here'swhat my research suggests
https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2020/07/13/what-can-stop-sexual-harassment-us-military/
Each day a new article or newsflash glared like neon lights—the problem nothing was fixing. The former POTUS sex scandals, New York Governor Andrew Cuomo’s sexual harassment allegations, the Marine TikTok video going viral. Each one discouraged me. I ranted: nobody cares.
www.wnct.com/news/military/camp-lejeune-marine-says-marine-corps-failed-her/
Chapter 36
During the final days of writing my book, the Veteran who gave me the “Penis Story” sent me an article. Seven Days had published a piece titled, “Sergeant Accused of Sexual Assaults Remains in Vermont Guard Despite Criminal Record.”
Additional websites used in establishing information regarding the subject of sexism in the military;
Link to Armed Services Integration Act and % cap for women, chapter 2 Unpacking the Power Dynamics
Reference to Combat Exclusion Rule repeal in 2013
https://www.aclu.org/issues/womens-rights/womens-rights-workplace/combat-exclusion-policy-women
Ethan Allen - Legacy, Facts & Timeline - Biography
Vermont National Guard - Wikiwand
Service members are eligible to be assigned to all positions for which they are qualified, except that women shall be excluded from assignment to units below the brigade level whose primary mission is to engage in direct combat on the ground.[1]
Women serving in the U.S. military in the past have often seen combat regardless of the Combat Exclusion Policy. Due to a shortage of troops, women were temporarily attached to direct combat units slipping in through a bureaucratic loophole.[6] Although they were not supposed to be in positions that engaged in direct combat, thousands of women have engaged the enemy directly in Operations Iraqi and Enduring Freedom. As of the 24th of January in 2013 the Combat Exclusion Policy was lifted. This means both men and women are eligible to serve in front line combat and complete combat operations.[7]
Combat Exclusion Policy | Military Wiki | Fandom
Military Women - The National Guard (aug.com)
Discussing when women could officially enter the NG
DoD’s Combat Exclusion Policies Limit Commanders and Strain Our Current Forces | Small Wars Journal
The rationale for these restrictions at the time was that there was no military need for women in ground combat positions because an adequate number of men were available. Additionally, transcripts of a 1994 press briefing indicate that DoD officials believed that the assignment of women to direct ground combat units “would not contribute to the readiness and effectiveness of those units” because of physical strength, stamina, and privacy issues
And yet their inability to formally hold a “combat position” affects their career trajectories. For example, the exclusion of women from specific requirements, such as combat service experience, translates into an inability to reflect their contributions on their officer evaluation report (OER), non-commissioned officer evaluation reports (NCOER) and both officer and enlisted officer’s record briefs (ORB/ERB). The merit of this service would provide women with a greater opportunity for promotion into the senior ranks, specifically general officer levels. While such equity-based lines of argument obviously have merit, they are usually consumed by the politics of gender and are dismissed before serious debate has time to emerge.
Combat Exclusion Policy | Military Wiki | Fandom
Women serving in the U.S. military in the past have often seen combat regardless of the Combat Exclusion Policy. Due to a shortage of troops, women were temporarily attached to direct combat units slipping in through a bureaucratic loophole.[6] Although they were not supposed to be in positions that engaged in direct combat, thousands of women have engaged the enemy directly in Operations Iraqi and Enduring Freedom.
Pentagon to Loosen Restrictions on Women in Combat - The New York Times (nytimes.com)
“I think the infantry in me will have a very hard time ever accepting that I’m going to rush against the enemy and there’s going to be a female right next to me,” Capt. Scott A. Cuomo, a company commander of 270 Marines in Afghanistan and a strong supporter of women in the military, said in an interview in 2010. “Can she do it? Some might. I don’t know if this sounds bad, but I kind of look at everything through my wife. Is that my wife’s job? No. My job is to make sure my wife is safe.”
Female veterans tormented by combat and sexual trauma - BBC News
2011 article
Ms Jones experienced repeated sexual harassment.
Her job was to make sure vehicles and radios were ready for the troops to use.
A soldier from another unit would rub up against her, squeezing past her and pressing himself against her at every opportunity he got.
"It was like I was in a meat market," she says.
"I shaved my head because I didn't want the attention but that only gave me more attention.
"I wanted my fellow soldiers to see me as having their back, not as a woman. It was sickening."
Ms Jones and her female colleagues would go to the showers in pairs, fearful of being sexually assaulted by male colleagues if they ventured out alone.
As women serve in more prominent roles in the US military, they are experiencing the same combat trauma as men.
Yet for retired army commander Jo Rusin, the overall experience of women soldiers in Iraq and Afghanistan is positive.
"The current wars are disproving so many of the myths that women can't handle it," says Ms Rusin.
"All of those preconceptions that women will fall apart are being disproved. Women will excel, and the culture of the military will undergo a shift."
Presidential Commission on the Assignment of Women in the Armed Forces - Wikipedia
U.S. General Accounting Office October 1998 Information on DoD’s Assignment Policy and Direct Ground Combat Definition Report.
Five members of the commission — Cockerham, Donnelly, O'Beirne, Ray, and White - wrote a 38 page section in the Final Report entitled "The Case Against Women in Combat". They argued that the proponents of assigning women to combat did not prove the necessity of their case. The five members repeated and emphasized the evidence and personal testimony the Commission collected that cast doubt on combat roles for women. "Most importantly", they stated, "(combat roles for women) would overturn two centuries of settled law and military policy based on deeply held and commonly shared cultural assumptions defining how men should treat women". Reference Final Report
Iraq war takes heavy toll in Vermont (nbcnews.com)
VERMONT SWEARS IN NATION'S FIRST FEMALE ADJUTANT GENERAL - Deseret News
In Vermont, It's a Woman's Guard Now - CSMonitor.com
Military Technicians - National Governors Association (nga.org)
National Guard Legislative Analysis
by Callie Ferguson and Josh KeefeNovember 15, 2021Updated November 17, 2021
How we investigated the Maine Army National Guard (bangordailynews.com)
Sexual Assaults/Harassment severely under-reported in the U.S. Military
getTestimonyDoc.asp (mainelegislature.org)
Testimony of Jennifer Norris Protect Our Defenders 2013
Chapter 10 information on UCMJ violations;
Ensure all unrestricted reports of sexual assault are referred to the appropriate Military Criminal Investigation Office or civilian law enforcement organization and, if necessary, to the NGB-Judge Advocate Office of Complex Administrative Investigations for administrative investigation IAW reference r; CNGB Instruction 0400.01B, 12 April 2018, “National Guard Complex Administrative Investigations”
Direct the NG JFHQs-State Staff Judge Advocate (SJA) to:
(1) Coordinate with civilian law enforcement organizations to monitor and track the criminal investigation for all URs of sexual assault entered into DSAID.
(2) Coordinate with civilian law enforcement organizations to monitor and track reported allegations of retaliation associated with a sexual assault by NG members.
(3) Provide a case update and case disposition to the victim’s commander (or equivalent) for discussion with the case management group (CMG) chair and co-chair every 30 days during the CMG meeting until case closure.
(4) Provide such military justice or administrative information concerning offender accountability as required by the NG JFHQs-State or Wing SARC for entry into DSAID IAW references a and b. CNGBI 1300.01 26 June 2020 A-9 Enclosure A
(5) Retain investigative and disposition case records for all unrestricted reports of sexual assault arising within the State under proper security measures IAW DoD, Service-specific, and NGB regulations.
p. Establish and chair, or designate a Deputy Adjutant General or Assistant Adjutant General to chair, the monthly multi-disciplinary CMG meeting for reviewing all URs of sexual assault and retaliation allegations occurring within the State IAW references b and j.
q. Require the following individuals to attend each monthly NG JFHQ-State CMG meeting: victim’s immediate commander; all full-time SARCs assigned within the State (mandatory attendance regardless of whether they have an assigned victim being discussed); victims’ SAPR VA, victim’s military healthcare provider or mental health and counseling services provider; chaplain, State Staff Judge Advocate (SJA) with detailed knowledge of the case, and State NG personnel trained to do a safety assessment of current sexual assault victims.
Commanders. The commanders will: a. Support and direct the implementation of TAG’s or the CG’s established SAPR Program in compliance with DoD Issuances, Service-specific requirements as applicable to non-Federalized NG members, CNGB Issuances, and applicable law. b. Immediately contact the appropriate law enforcement agency upon receiving an unrestricted report of sexual assault and will not conduct internal command-directed investigations on sexual assault allegations, to include making referrals to appointed command investigators or inquiry officers.
FY14_DoD_Report_to_POTUS_Enclosure_4_National_Guard History of the NG SARC.pdf
History of the SARC Program for the Guard on the link above.
DoD recognition and efforts in examining and understanding the problems of sexual assault in the military provided detailed guidance to the combined armed forces in April 2004 after the release of the Task Force Report on Sexual Assault.
The recommendations from the Task Force included the establishment of the Joint Task Force (JTF) for Sexual Assault Prevention and Response and the development of a comprehensive policy on prevention and response to sexual assault by January 2005. In addition, the JTF set out to train sexual assault response coordinators, chaplains, lawyers, and law enforcement to make a cadre of 1,200 first responders available across the military force. Within the same year, the military Services also trained over one million Service members and established SAPR offices at all military facilities. The NG was a part of DoD’s joint effort to establish a system to respond to and support victims of sexual assault. In 2004, the Army National Guard (ARNG) and Air National Guard (ANG) were included in their Services’ working groups to begin planning for program implementation across the total force in anticipation of the release of the recommendations and policy from the JTF. The ARNG and ANG worked throughout 2005 to establish a modified program that could meet the intent of the DoD, USA, and USAF, and be in compliance with the Services’ plans. The task was challenging as the resources and authorities for the part-time military/civilian NG were very different from the active component’s resources for personnel and accountability set by the Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ). Both the Army and the Air Force (AF) directed their reserve forces to have a SARC and SAPR VA available to their component members to respond to incidents of sexual assault. However, there were no additional resources allocated to the ARNG and ANG for personnel to serve as dedicated full time SARCs or SAPR VAs. The NG was faced with devising a plan to meet the Services’ requirement. In February of 2005, the DoD announced funding to support a SARC position. A SARC was placed at the NGB to oversee the SARCs and development of the State SAPR program across the States. In March 2005, NGB hired a contractor as the SAPR Program Coordinator to manage the program for both the ARNG and ANG.
The NG encountered a setback as the right of a Guard member to file a Restricted Report was challenged in states with mandatory reporting laws. A Guard member’s ability to obtain a Line of Duty (LOD) determination when filing a Restricted Report was also an unresolved issue. To qualify for a LOD determination, a Guard member was faced with having to disclose details of the incident to individuals without an official need-to-know and individuals outside the protected sphere. Additionally, a command directed investigation was required to validate victims’ qualification for a LOD determination. In September 2006, an Information Paper was written to inform DoD SAPRO of the inconsistency in the services available to AC versus RC members. A resolution to the LOD determination inequities was addressed in the reissuance of the DoD Instruction (DoDI) 6495.02 in November 2008. Although deficiencies still exist, NG members can file a Restricted Report and receive an LOD determination to cover counseling and medical services.
Sexual Harassment & Assault in the Military - TIME'S UP Foundation (timesupfoundation.org)
Sexual Harassment Versus Gender Discrimination: What's the Difference? - HR Daily Advisor (blr.com)
Overlap Between Sexual Harassment and Gender Discrimination
There are times when sexual harassment and gender discrimination may occur together or have a lot of overlap. A common example is when only one gender gets promoted on a regular basis, except in cases when someone has a sexual relationship in order to gain that same promotion level. That situation would encompass both gender discrimination and quid pro quo sexual harassment.
Another example might be a situation in which gender discrimination ends up creating a hostile work environment—thus becoming sexual harassment at the same time.
However, generally speaking, sexual harassment happens when some form of inappropriate behavior is occurring and the result is that someone is facing either a hostile work environment or a situation in which he or she is being asked to perform some type of quid pro quo arrangement. Gender discrimination occurs when some form of employment action is taken (or withheld) based on someone’s gender.
Since 2004, The Department of the Army has been required to provide an annual report on sexual assault. The Army Sexual Harassment/Assault Response and Prevention (SHARP) office has been the lead agent for the report and program. Over the years, the SHARP office has gone through several organizational changes due to Department of Defense directed mandates and internal Army decisions. This paper examined the Army's SHARP program from 2004 to 2011 by using Kotter's eight-step process of creating major change in an organization. This examination of Army decisions and programs within each of the eight steps showed that the Army has made many significant improvements to address this issue and anchor these changes within its culture. In concluding, this paper provided recommendations in four areas related to formally developing a vision for the SHARP program and using additional ways to communicate the vision and programs to members of the active Army and more specifically to the Reserve Component.
John Kotter’s book, Leading Change 8 guiding principles for organizational change from These steps are: “establishing a sense of urgency, creating the 3 guiding coalition, developing a vision and strategy, communicating the change vision, empowering broad based action, generating short term wins, consolidating gains and producing more change, and anchoring new approaches in culture.”7
FY14_DoD_Report_to_POTUS_Enclosure_4_National_Guard.pdf (sapr.mil)
This document provided the history of standing up the SHARP/SAPR in NG, 2005 training requirements and program details (June 2006 staffing requirement but Nov 2008 delay due to inconsistencies for service personnel to receive a Line of Duty without disclosing the event which changed restricted reporting to unrestricted reporting) then no allocations until 2009 the first SARCs were hired @ JFHQ full time.
The 2020 Legislative Report which includes the Gender Report
W~Steven Cray~Written Copy of Personal Remarks~1-22-2019.pdf (vermont.gov)
The flying fraternity: A ‘Top Gun’ culture pervades the Vermont National Guard - VTDigger in this article it states Jean O’Sullivan during the 2018 legislative session, O’Sullivan introduced a bill that would require the Guard to issue annual reports on the recruitment, retention and promotion of women. The bill passed the House, but stalled in the Senate. O’Sullivan also sought to bring more oversight and accountability to the election process of the adjutant general. Her efforts last session were also rejected by the Senate.
After the sexual reporting law was passed, in 2014, Cray told lawmakers that his efforts to curb sexual harassment and assault were focused chiefly on “education and awareness.” The Guard has also taken steps to improve its recovery services for survivors and standardize the judicial response to allegations. Still, Cray cautioned the public in 2014 that it would take time to fully remediate such long-standing issues.
“You can’t change a culture overnight,” he said.
Vermont National Guard reports six sexual assaults in one-year span (vtdigger.org)
Why Men Rape by Randy Thornhill and Craig T. Palmer (csus.edu)
Column | On Guard: How One Soldier's Letter Changed the Vermont National Guard | Fair Game | Seven Days | Vermont's Independent Voice (sevendaysvt.com)Where O’Sullivan says the letter helped to get the 427 bill passed.
At House hearing, Vermont National Guard addresses annual sexual assault report - VTDigger
Bill Status H.401 (vermont.gov)
VTNG_Organizational_Assessment.pdf
WomenWorkWages2019.pdf (changethestoryvt.org)
Military | Off Message | Seven Days | Vermont's Independent Voice (sevendaysvt.com)
AutoFill Template (vermont.gov) H750 THE PROVOST MARSHALL BILL
Countering Sexual Assault and Sexual Harassment in the U.S. Military: Lessons from RAND Research | RAND Rand study 1 in 16, but I can’t type out the site for it to work it has symbols.
https://rand.org/pubs/research_reports/rra1318-1.html
Talking Research: Dr Stephanie Bonnes: Sexual Harassment in the Military on Apple Podcasts
https://www.tricare-west.com/content/hnfs/home/tw/prov/auth/lod.html
https://www.pbs.org/independentlens/documentaries/invisible-war/
https://www.arpc.afrc.af.mil/about/guard-and-reserve-categories/#:~:text=Active%20Guard%DReserve%20status%20is,including%20medical%20and%20financial%20benefits Guard and Reserve Categories (af.mil)
https://itvs.org/films/invisible-war
https://military-history.fandom.com/wiki/Combat_Exclusion_Policy#cite_note-1
https://www.aclu.org/issues/womens-rights/womens-rights-workplace/combat-exclusion-policy-women
https://apnews.com/article/65c5a271b36213102a889bbed5d962cb
https://www.army-technology.com/projects/hmmvv/
https://www.pbs.org/independentlens/documentaries/invisible-war/
https://dod.defense.gov/Portals/1/Documents/WISRJointMemo.pdf
www.ncdsv.org/images/SecArmy_Plan-for-Integration-of-female-leaders-and-soldiers_4-19-2013.pdf
www.army.mil/article/164066/army_sets_leader_first_approach_to_full_gender_integration
https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/section/20/023/00427
https://vtdigger.org/2018/11/29/flying-fraternity-female-guard-members-claim-barrage-harassment/
https://www.congress.gov/bill/113th-congress/senate-bill/1752
LIFE AT CAMP interior design diagram pages (pdf)
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